1911 HATHAWAY'S THEATRE PROGRAM New Bedford Massachusetts CAMILLE Dumas Fils

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1911 CAMILLE PROGRAM
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Scarce 1911 program and ticket stub for the performance of Camille at the Hathaway Theatre in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
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Alexandre Dumas, fils
(
French:
[alɛksɑ̃dʁ dyma fis]
; 27 July 1824 – 27 November 1895) was a French writer and
dramatist
, best known for
Camille
(a.k.a.
The Lady of the Camellias
). He was the son of
Alexandre Dumas, père
, also a writer and playwright.
Biography
[
edit
]
Alexandre Dumas (fils), in his youth
Bust of Alexander Dumas Fils, by the sculptor
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
,
Orsay Museum
Tomb,
Montmartre Cemetery
Dumas was born in
Paris
,
France
, the
illegitimate
child of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (1794–1868), a
dressmaker
, and novelist
Alexandre Dumas
. During 1831 his father legally recognized him and ensured that the young Dumas received the best education possible at the
Institution Goubaux
and the
Collège Bourbon
. At that time, the law allowed the elder Dumas to take the child away from his mother. Her agony inspired Dumas
fils
to write about tragic female characters. In almost all of his writings, he emphasized the moral purpose of literature and in his play
The Illegitimate Son
(1858) he espoused the belief that if a man fathers an illegitimate child, then he has an obligation to legitimize the child and marry the woman. In boarding schools, Dumas
fils
was constantly taunted by his classmates because of his family situation. These issues profoundly influenced his thoughts, behaviour, and writing.
Dumas' paternal great-grandparents were Marquis Alexandre-Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a
French
nobleman and
Général commissaire
in the Artillery in the colony of
Saint-Domingue
—now
Haiti
—and Marie-Cesette Dumas, an
Afro-Caribbean
Creole of mixed French and African ancestry.
In 1844, Dumas moved to
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
to live with his father. There, he met
Marie Duplessis
, a young
courtesan
who would be the inspiration for his romantic novel
The Lady of the Camellias
(
La Dame aux camélias
), wherein Duplessis was named Marguerite Gauthier. Adapted into a play, it was titled
Camille
in English and became the basis for
Verdi's
1853 opera,
La Traviata
, Duplessis undergoing yet another name change, this time to Violetta Valery.
Although he admitted that he had done the adaptation because he needed the money, he had great success with the play. Thus began the career of Dumas
fils
as a dramatist, which was not only more renowned than that of his father during his lifetime but also dominated the serious French stage for most of the second half of the 19th century. After this, he virtually abandoned writing novels (though his semi-autobiographical
L'Affaire Clemenceau
(1867) achieved some solid success).
On 31 December 1864, in
Moscow
, Dumas married Nadezhda von Knorring (1826 – April 1895), daughter of Johan Reinhold von Knorring and widow of Alexander Grigorievich Narishkin. The couple had two daughters: Marie-Alexandrine-Henriette Dumas, born 20 November 1860, who married Maurice Lippmann and was the mother of Serge Napoléon Lippmann (1886–1975) and
Auguste Alexandre Lippmann
(1881–1960); and Jeanine Dumas (3 May 1867 – 1943), who married Ernest Lecourt d'Hauterive (1864–1957), son of George Lecourt d'Hauterive and his wife Léontine de Leusse. After Nadezhda's death, Dumas married Henriette Régnier de La Brière (1851–1934) in June 1895, without issue. In 1874, he was admitted to the
Académie française
and in 1894 he was awarded the
Légion d'honneur
.
Alexandre Dumas
fils
died at
Marly-le-Roi
,
Yvelines
, on 27 November 1895, and was interred in the
Cimetière de Montmartre
in
Paris
. His grave is, perhaps coincidentally, only some 100 metres away from that of Marie Duplessis.
The Lady of the Camellias
(
French
:
La Dame aux camélias
) is a
novel
by
Alexandre Dumas,
fils
, first published in 1848, and subsequently
adapted
for the
stage
.
The Lady of the Camellias
premiered at the
Théâtre du Vaudeville
in
Paris
, France on February 2, 1852. The play was an instant success, and
Giuseppe Verdi
immediately set about putting the story to music. His work became the 1853
opera
La Traviata
, with the female protagonist, Marguerite Gautier, renamed Violetta Valéry.
In the English-speaking world,
The Lady of the Camellias
became known as
Camille
and 16 versions have been performed at
Broadway theatres
alone. The title character is Marguerite Gautier, who is based on
Marie Duplessis
, the real-life lover of author Dumas,
fils
.
[1]
Summary and analysis
[
edit
]
Illustration by
Albert Lynch
The theme of the Lady of the Camellias is a love story between Marguerite Gautier, a "demi-mondaine" ("
courtisane
" in the original French, i.e., a woman "kept" by various lovers, frequently more than one at a time) suffering from tuberculosis, and a young provincial bourgeois, Armand Duval. The narration of the love story is told by Duval himself to the (unnamed) narrator of the book. She is named as the Lady of the camellias because she wears a white
camellia
when she is available to her lover(s) and a red one when her delicate condition precludes making love.
Armand falls in love with Marguerite and ultimately becomes her lover, convincing her to turn her back on her life as a "courtisane" and live with him in the countryside. This idyllic existence is broken by Armand's father, who, concerned by the scandal created by the illicit relationship and fearful that it will destroy his daughter's (Armand's sister's) chances of marriage, convinces Marguerite to leave Armand, who believes, up until Marguerite's death, that she has left him for another man. Marguerite's death is described as an unending agony, during which Marguerite, abandoned by everyone, can only regret what might have been.
Marie Duplessis
Unlike the love of the Chevalier Des Grieux for
Manon Lescaut
(to which story Dumas himself makes reference at the beginning of The Lady of the Camellias), Armand's love is for a woman who is ready to sacrifice her riches and her lifestyle for him, but who is thwarted by the arrival of Armand's father.
Dumas is careful to paint a favourable portrait of Marguerite, who despite her past is rendered virtuous by her love for Armand, and the suffering of the two lovers, whose love is shattered by the need to conform to the morals of the times, is rendered touchingly.
The novel is also marked by the description of Parisian life during the 19th century and the fragile world of the "courtisanes".
Stage performances
[
edit
]
Since its debut as a play, numerous editions have been performed at theatres around the world. The role of the tragic Marguerite Gautier became one of the most coveted amongst actresses and included performances by
Lillian Gish
,
Eleonora Duse
,
Margaret Anglin
,
Gabrielle Réjane
,
Tallulah Bankhead
,
Eva Le Gallienne
,
Isabelle Adjani
,
Cacilda Becker
, and especially
Sarah Bernhardt
, who starred in
Paris
,
London
, and several
Broadway
revivals, plus a 1911 film. Dancer/Impresario
Ida Rubinstein
successfully recreated Bernhardt's interpretation of the role onstage in the mid-1920s, coached by the great actress herself before she died.
Of all Dumas,
fils'
s theatrical works,
La Dame aux Camélias
is the most popular around the world: According to 19th century book
The Century
, "not one other play by
Dumas,
fils
has been received with favor out of France".
[2]
It is also the inspiration for the 2008 musical
Marguerite
,
[3]
which places the story in 1944
German-occupied France
.
Amongst many adaptations, spin-offs and parodies, was "Camille," "a travesty on La Dame aux Camellias" by
Charles Ludlam
, staged first by his own Ridiculous Theatrical Company in 1973, with Ludlam playing the lead in
drag
In 1999
Alexia Vassiliou
collaborated with composer Aristides Mytaras for the contemporary dance performance,
The Lady of the Camellias
at the Amore Theatre in Athens.
Adaptations
[
edit
]
Film
[
edit
]
Eleonora Duse
as Marguerite Gautier in 1896
In addition to inspiring
La Traviata
,
The Lady of the Camellias
has been adapted for approximately twenty different
motion pictures
in numerous countries and in a wide variety of languages. The role of "Marguerite Gautier"
[4]
has been played on screen by
Sarah Bernhardt
,
María Félix
,
Clara Kimball Young
,
Theda Bara
,
Yvonne Printemps
,
Alla Nazimova
,
Greta Garbo
,
Micheline Presle
,
Francesca Bertini
,
Isabelle Huppert
, and others.
Films entitled
Camille
[
edit
]
There have been at least eight adaptations of
The Lady of the Camellias
entitled
Camille
. See
Camille (disambiguation)
.
Other films based on
La Dame aux Camélias
[
edit
]
In addition to the
Camille
films, the story has been the adapted into numerous other screen versions:
Kameliadamen
, the first movie based on the work.
Kameliadamen
was a 1907
Danish
silent film directed by
Viggo Larsen
and starring
Oda Alstrup
, Larsen,
Gustave Lund
and
Robert Storm Petersen
.
La Dame aux Camélias
, a 1911
French language
silent film
, directed by
André Calmettes
and
Henri Pouctal
. It stars
Sarah Bernhardt
.
La Signora delle Camelie
, a 1915
Italian language
film. It was directed by
Baldassarre Negroni
and
Gustavo Serena
. It stars
Hesperia (actress)
(
it
),
Alberto Collo
(
it
) and
Ida Carloni Talli
.
A 1921 English silent film that stars
Nazimova
and
Rudolph Valentino
. It was directed by
Ray C. Smallwood
.
Damen med kameliorna
, a 1925
Swedish
film adapted and directed by
Olof Molander
. It stars
Uno Henning
(
sv
) and
Tora Teje
.
La Dame aux Camélias
, the first sound adaptation.
La Dame aux Camélias
was a 1934 French film adapted by
Abel Gance
and directed by Gance and
Fernand Rivers
. It stars
Yvonne Printemps
and
Pierre Fresnay
.
Greta Garbo
had the starring role in
Camille
(1936), directed by
George Cukor
A 1944
Spanish language
version was produced in
Mexico
. It was adapted by
Roberto Tasker
and directed by
Gabriel Soria
, and stars
Lina Montes
and
Emilio Tuero
.
La Dame aux Camélias
, a 1953 French film adapted by
Jacques Natanson
and directed by
Raymond Bernard
. It stars
Gino Cervi
,
Micheline Presle
and
Roland Alexandre
(
fr
).
Camelia
, a 1954 Mexican film adapted by
José Arenas
,
Edmundo Báez
,
Roberto Gavaldón
and
Gregorio Walerstein
. It was directed by Gavaldón, and stars
María Félix
.
La mujer de las camelias
, a 1954
Argentine
film adapted by
Alexis de Arancibia
(as Wassen Eisen) and
Ernesto Arancibia
, and directed by Ernesto Arancibia. It stars
Zully Moreno
.
La Dame aux Camélias
, a 1981
French language
film adapted by
Jean Aurenche
,
Enrico Medioli
(
fr
) and
Vladimir Pozner
, and directed by
Mauro Bolognini
. It stars
Isabelle Huppert
.
Dama Kameliowa
, a 1994 Polish language film
Moulin Rouge!
, a 2001 film by
Baz Luhrmann
, loosely based on the story, with
Nicole Kidman
and
Ewan McGregor
in lead roles.
[5]
Ballet
[
edit
]
Lady of the Camellias
is a ballet by
John Neumeier
with music by
Frédéric Chopin
, created for Marcia Haydée, then
prima ballerina
of the
Stuttgart Ballet
. It premiered at the
Staatstheater Stuttgart
in 1978.
[6]
Marguerite and Armand
is an adaptation created in 1963 by renowned choreographer
Sir Frederick Ashton
specifically for
Rudolf Nureyev
and prima ballerina assoluta
Dame Margot Fonteyn
.
Veronica Paeper created a ballet
Camille
based on
The Lady of the Camellias
which has been staged several times since 1990.
[7]
Other novels
[
edit
]
Love Story
, published by
Eric Segal
in 1970, has essentially the same plot updated to contemporary New York. The conflict here centres on the relative economic classes of the central characters.
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